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XI. United States
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Chapter 31: Bronx, New York
The Ann Cross Mersereau School
Teacher: Irene Collins
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Student: Jerry J.
POTATO SALAD
Ingredients
3 lbs potatoes
1 lb carrots
1 dozen eggs
10 oz jar of mayonnaise
1 red onion
1 green pepper
sweet peas
1/8 cup vinegar
1/8 cup lemon juice
1/8 cup of olive oil
Recipe
Cut the carrots and potatoes into bite size pieces and boil them until soft. Put in a bowl and cool in the refrigerator. Cook the eggs until they are hard-boiled. Chop up the onions and green peppers. Shell the peas. When the potatoes and carrots and eggs are cool, mix all the ingredients together. (See artwork at chapter end)
Essay
Whenever there is a holiday, birthday, or an event where we need to bring food, my mom always cooks her potato salad. Sometimes, she cooks it the night before an event. I open the refrigerator and there is the potato salad. It looks like its going to a party as the dish sits in a festive bowl.
Most people think potatoes originated in Ireland. But thats not true. The Andean Mountains of South America is the birthplace of the "Irish" white potato that we eat today. The Spanish Conquistador, Pedro Cieza de Leon, in his journal "Chronicle of Peru" first wrote about potatoes in 1553. Potatoes were a standard supply food item on Spanish ships. Sailors who ate papas (potatoes) did not suffer from scurvy.
By the 1800s, Irish peasants were eating a daily average of 10 potatoes per person. The potatoes supplied about 80% of the calories in their diet and it helped the Irish feed their animals, too. The dependence on one food crop was dangerous, but no other crop had ever proved to be as reliable to grow.
In the 1840s heavy rains rotted the potato crops in the ground. Without potatoes, both the peasants and animals went hungry. And when the animals died for lack of food, milk, meat and eggs were no longer available. More than one million of Ireland's population died of starvation.
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Student: Jose R.
LASAGNA
Ingredients
1/2 lbs of lasagna noodles
2 minced garlic cloves
1 chopped onion
1 lb ground beef
1/2 tsp pepper
1 tbsp minced parsley
1/2 lb mozzarella cheese
2 tbsp oil
1 1/2 tsp salt
1/2 tsp sweet basil
2-6oz cans tomato paste
1 can of tomato sauce
1 1/2 c hot water
2 eggs
1 pt cottage or ricotta cheese
1/4 c parmesan cheese
Recipe
Preheat oven at 350 degrees. Cook noodles in water for 15 minutes. Drain. Heat oil in skillet, cook garlic and onion until soft. Add beef and seasoning, cook until crumbly. Add tomatoes, sauce, paste and hot water. Simmer 5 minutes. Set aside. Blend egg with cottage or ricotta cheese. Set aside. In a lasagna pan (13x 2 inch baking dish) place a thin layer of meat sauce, then _ the lasagna noodles, all the cheese egg mixture, and 1\2 the mozzarella cheese.Repeat layer and add the remaining meat sauce and sprinkle the top with parmesan cheese. Bake 45 minutes at 350 degrees.
Essay
Traditional Italian cuisine is divided between regions. Typical Italian foods, such as pasta with tomato and meat sauce, is found mainly in the northern regions where lasagna, spaghetti and tortellini originate.
People on the northwest coast mainly first used pesto sauces, sun dried tomatoes and foccacia bread. Florence is known for tasty and healthy meals with plenty of soup and grilled meats. Sicily invented some great dessert, such a marzipan that is made with noodles and extra cheese and tastes like candy. Lasagna is my favorite food!
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Student: Yocasta M.
FRIED GREEN PLANTAINS
Ingredients
1 Plantain per guest
Vegetable oil (enough oil to keep the bottom of the frying pan covered)
Salt and pepper to taste
Recipe
Peel plantain and cut into 2-inch rounds.Using a rolling pin, flatten the plantain, then heat oil in a frying pan. Drop 3 or 4 plantain rounds into the oil and cook until fried a golden color.
Essay
My mother tells me the best green plantains are ones without any yellow on the skin. When we go grocery shopping she looks for the greenest plantains because these are the best.
Every Saturday morning, my mother prepares plantains for our family lunch. You can hear her in the morning flattening the plantains with her rolling pin. Because plantains cook quickly, you know lunch comes soon when you hear the oil frying in the pan.
We serve green plantains as a side dish. For a healthier version, boil the green plantains instead of frying them. Plantains or plátanos are big on nutrition and are a staple food in the Caribbean. But plantains and bananas originated in China and moved to Africa then towards the pacific. In the Middle Ages, both Moslems and Christians thought that the banana was the forbidden fruit of paradise.
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Student: Noeli M.
TACOS
Ingredients
12 Taco shells
1 lb Ground Beef
1 Medium Onion, Diced (optional)
1 4 oz Can Diced Green Chiles (optional)
2 Cloves Garlic, Pressed
1 T Chili Powder
1 t Cumin
1/2 t Rosemary
1/4 t Salt
2 cups of shredded lettuce
2 cups of diced tomatoes
Grated/shredded cheese
(I use cheddar)
1 jar of Salsa
Recipe
In a frying pan, cook the ground beef and onion. Drain the fat.
Add the rest of the ingredients and cook on medium heat for 12 minutes. Stir frequently.
Take a taco shell; add a big spoonful of the meat mixture, top with lettuce, tomato, and cheese. Carefully spoon salsa on top. Enjoy!
Essay
Tacos come from Mexico and are made from corn. Some taco shells are soft. The good thing about this recipe is that the meat can be used to make other things like burritos, tostados and on top of lettuce, to make a salad.
Taco night is a favorite time for our family. My mother makes this when she has a busy day because it is easy for her. But I love it, because when my mother puts out all the colorful ingredients and we get to make our own tacos, it looks festive. We have the most fun on taco night, because our family is more relaxed and we laugh and tell jokes. After we are finished, there are just a few dishes to clean, so my mom is happy too.
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Student: Jesus M.
RICE WITH CORN
Ingredients
6 Tbs. of favorite cooking oil
1/2 pkg. of Sazón Goya seasoning (optional)
1 8-oz. can tomato sauce (optional)
1 tsp. minced garlic, fresh
1 15-oz. can corn
1 pkg. cooking rice
Recipe
1) In a saucepan, boil 4 cups of water.
2) Add oil, corn, seasoning, tomato sauce and garlic. Then add 2 cups of rice.
3) Mix well, reduce heat and cover.
4) Let simmer for 20 minutes.
Essay
I love this recipe because I can make it myself. I dont use the seasoning or the tomato sauce, but a lot of people do. My sister lives on her own and whenever I go to her house, she asks me what I want like to eat. I always tell her rice with corn, because it is something we can cook together.
I was sad when she moved away because I didnt get to see her everyday. I still miss her a lot, but I love visiting her. My favorite weekends are when she picks me up to spend the night at her house and we cook together.
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Student: Christian O.
TURKEY
Ingredients
1 10-14 lb turkey
Salt & pepper
Olive oil
1 tsp rosemary
1 tsp thyme
Meat thermometer
Carrots
Celery
Onion
Recipe
Preheat oven to 325 degrees. Remove the giblets from the inside of the turkey. You can throw these away or save them for your gravy.
Wash the inside and outside of the bird thoroughly. Sprinkle to taste the salt and pepper on the inside and outside of the bird.
You can stuff the cavity with carrots, celery, and onion sprinkled with the rosemary and thyme. (This keeps the bird juicy and you can use the vegetables for your gravy or stuffing.) Rub the olive oil under the skin of the bird. Slice the skin near the breast to get under the skin. Put in a large roasting pan.
Dont use a flimsy aluminum foil pan because it could be dangerous taking the turkey out of the oven. While the bird is cooking, baste it using a large spoon.
Cook the bird until the meat thermometer reads 170 degrees in the meaty part of the thigh and the skin of the turkey is a golden brown.
Make sure the inside of the cavity reads at least 165 degrees. For a 10-14 lb turkey it could take 3 hours or more. When the turkey comes out of the oven it will continue to cook. So let it sit for 20 minutes before carving.
Essay
Most people think the Indians introduced turkey to pilgrims during a Thanksgiving meal in the 1600s. But Italy, France and England were already raising turkeys in the 1500s, so pilgrims and new settlers were already familiar with the turkey, which is why they included the turkey in their first Thanksgiving feast in 1621.
It was President Abraham Lincoln who proclaimed Thanksgiving a national holiday in 1863. Benjamin Franklin wanted the turkey to be the official bird of the United States. Since 1947 the National Turkey Federation has presented a turkey to the White House for Thanksgiving every year.
Reportedly, about 272 million turkeys were raised in 2001. It is believed that 46 million of them are eaten at Thanksgiving, 22 million at Christmas, and 19 million at Easter! My family eats Turkey on those holidays. Turkey is my favorite food, because it tastes good and reminds me of my family at holidays
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Student: Chas W.
TUNA SALAD
Ingredients
3 cans of tuna in water
6 tbsp of mayonnaise
2 tbsp of sugar (optional)
2 cups of uncooked macaroni
6 8 cups of water
Washed lettuce leaves
Chopped tomatoes, celery, and onions are optional
Recipe
In a small pot boil water and add macaroni. Cook the macaroni according to the directions on the box. It usually takes about 8-12 minutes to cook. Rinse the macaroni with cold water and add a little oil to keep it from sticking. Put aside. Open the 3 cans of tuna and drain the water. In a bowl, add the tuna, mayonnaise, and sugar. I like the sugar because it gives the tuna salad a sweet taste.
Place lettuce leaves on six plates. Put the cool macaroni on the lettuce leaves. Top with a scoop of tuna. You can add tomatoes, celery, and cucumbers to your salad.
Essay
Most tuna is sold in a can in the United States. Only about one percent of tuna is sold fresh. Most of the commercial tuna harvest comes from California but since ancient times it has been fished from the warm parts of the Mediterranean Sea as well as the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.
Tuna is Americas most popular fish dish. The average person eats 3.6 pounds of tuna every year - most of it canned. The word tuna comes from the Latin word, Thunnus.
The tuna are constantly in motion and can swim up to 55 miles per hour. Tuna eats up to ten percent of its body weight every day. Depending on the type of tuna, it can weigh anywhere from 10 pounds to 600 pounds!
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FOOD FACTS: POPULAR VARIETIES OF TUNA
Albacore: White-fleshed fish that is light
Yellowfin: Comes from the Hawaiian islands
Bluefin: A high-fat content fish that has a lot of flavor
Bigeye: Properties of Bluefin but the fish dont grow as big
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Student: Chas W.
MILK SHAKE
Ingredients
32 scoops of your favorite
ice cream
2 cups of milk
Blender
Big glasses or mugs
Straws
Recipe
Put the ice cream and milk into a blender. Blend until smooth. Put in big glasses. Drink through a straw. It tastes better when sipped through a straw.
Essay s
My family loves milkshakes. On the first warm night of the year, my mom will make milkshakes for us. Some people know summer is coming by the sounds of crickets and birds, or by the flowers that bloom in June, but for me, I know summer is coming when my mom makes her milkshakes.
On that first warm night, we will sit together and talk about what we will do for the summer. I start to get excited because I know the end of the school year is near. Summer in the Bronx is short, so I try and drink as many milkshakes as I can before it gets too cold to drink them and its time to go back to school.
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FOOD FACTS: MILK SHAKES AROUND THE WORLD
In India their version of a milk shake is the "Lassi" that is made with cold yogurt and spices like mint, cumin and cardamon. In Italy they add coffee espresso to thier shakes. And, in hispanic communties a milk shake is usually a fruit smoothie blended with milk.
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Student: Erica R.
LASAGNA
Ingredients
1 lb of ground beef
3 cups spaghetti sauce
6 uncooked lasagna noodles
1 _ cups of cottage or
Ricotta cheese
1 _ cups of shredded
Mozzarella cheese
2 tbsp of grated
Parmesan cheese
Recipe
Preheat oven to 350 degrees
In a frying pan cook the ground beef on medium heat until browned. Drain off the fat. Add 2 cups of spaghetti sauce to meat and cook until hot.
Take the remaining spaghetti sauce and put it on the bottom of 2 quarts rectangular baking dish. Put 2 uncooked lasagna noodles on the bottom of the baking dish on top of the spaghetti sauce.
Spread one-third of the meat mixture on top of the noodles. Then, carefully try to spread one-half of the cottage or ricotta cheese over the meat. Sprinkle a half cup of the mozzarella cheese on top of that. Add another layer of 2 uncooked noodles, 1/3 of the meat, the rest of the ricotta or cottage cheese, and another half cup of the shredded mozzarella cheese.
Add the last layer of 2 uncooked noodles, the rest of the meat and cheeses and sprinkle the top with the grated Parmesan cheese. Cover the baking dish with aluminum foil and place in oven for an hour. The lasagna will be hot so be careful when you take the foil off.
Let it cool for 15 minutes before serving.
Essay
My grandmother makes this quick and easy lasagna recipe the night before Christmas Eve, on December 23rd. This is because our whole family gets together and its easy for her to make. She likes how easy it is because of all the cooking that is done for Christmas.
December 23rd is the one night our whole family gets together. All of my aunts, uncles and cousins are there. This night is almost as special as Christmas for me. Thats because sometimes our whole family cannot get together for Christmas dinner because some of my aunts, uncles and cousins have to go to the houses of their in-laws. But this night is always free for my family.
We eat my grandmothers lasagna, laugh, sing and dance. We catch up on our family stories and laugh about the past
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Student: Amy R.
CHOPPED MEAT AND CHEESE
Ingredients
1 lb of ground hamburger
2 cups of shredded cheddar cheese
Recipe
1. Cook the hamburger in a frying pan on medium heat until fully cooked and crumbly.
2. Drain the fat, and put into a bowl and add the cheese.
3. Wait for the cheese to melt.
Essay
I love this recipe because it tastes like a creamy cheeseburger! My mother makes this whenever she has to work late because it is quick and easy. Sometimes she lets me make it. That is when I add even more cheese.
This recipe has no tradition but I love it. My mother works very hard and sometimes she needs a break from making big meals. I know she works hard so that my sister and I can have a better life. So even though this recipe is not a tradition whenever I eat it I know I am eating it because my mother is working hard because she loves me.
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Student: Rosmery M.
MORIR SONANDO (To Die, Dreaming)
Ingredients
1 cup of milk
1 cup of sugar
1 cup of orange juice
Recipe
Pour the milk in a glass of crushed ice and then the orange juice in another glass of crushed ice. Make sure all the ingredients are very cold before you start mixing them so the milk does not curdle. Pour the milk into the glass of orange juice and then quickly move the mixture back into the original glass where the milk was. Do this a few times until blended. You can use fresh lemons or limes and even grapefruit juice instead of orange juice.
Essay
This drink comes from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. I went there for my 10th birthday. My aunt made it for me and she told me in English morir sonando means to die dreaming.
When I came home I decided to learn how to make this drink for myself. I couldnt believe how easy it is to make. My family in the Dominican Republic makes this drink with fresh lemons or limes, but I like it with orange juice because it tastes sweeter and is easier to make. If you decide to make this with fresh lemons or limes you have to squeeze them first and make sure you take out the seeds. The Bronx can get very hot in the summer. When I make this drink it takes me back to the time I spent in the Dominican Republic with my family for my 10th birthday.
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Student: Yolanda G.
FLAN
Ingredients
_ cup of sugar
4 eggs
1 _ cup of water
14 oz can of sweetened condensed milk
_ tsp. of vanilla
Recipe
Cook the caramel mixture first.
Cook the sugar and 1tbsp of water in an aluminum round pan over low to medium heat until the sugar is melted and a light golden brown color. Remove it from the heat and quickly swirl the mixture until the sides of the pan are covered with a thin layer of caramel. Let the caramel harden.
In a bowl, beat the eggs and stir in water, sweetened milk, and vanilla. Pour into pan of caramelized sugar.
Take a larger pan and fill it with an inch of hot water. Place the pan of flan into the larger pan and bake at 350 degrees for an hour or until the center jiggles. Remove the dish from the larger pan to a wire rack and let it cool for an hour. Then put it in the refrigerator for several more hours or overnight.
Essay
My mom cooks flan whenever visitors come to the house. We make it early and I help my mom cook it, so its set and ready for dessert. The time I spend helping my mother cook is special to me. We talk and laugh about everything.
Flan is a type of custard. It has been around since the medieval times. An old Italian cookbook published in 1475 said that custard-type foods were considered very healthy. Besides being very nourishing, it is believed that custard helps the chest, liver and kidneys, and that it improves fertility.
Flan can be made in so many different ways. You can add ingredients that will make it a meal. In Europe, flan is often served during Lent when meat is forbidden. In my family we only eat it as dessert.
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